Filter



Jan. 14, 1 936. -M;"FTGOLDMAN 2,028,061

FILTEH Q Original Filed Dec. '29, 1950 5 Sheets-Sheet l l Jan. 14, 1936.M. A. GOLDYMAN- V ,0

(7 J l 35 fly].

FILTER Original Filed Dec. 29, 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Jan. 14,1936 UNITED STATES FILTER Maurice A. Goldman, Milford, N. H., assignor,by mesne assignments, to Commercial Filters Corporation, Boston, Mass.,a corporation of Massachusetts Original application December 29, 1930,Serial No. 505,247. Divided and this application Marc 10, 1934, SerialNo. 714,968

8 Claims.

This application is a division of my copending application Serial No.505,247, filed December 29, 1930.

This invention consists of a filter apparatus and filter element for thesame, hereinafter called a tube filter, particularly designed forfiltering milk for domestic consumption or other uses where largecapacity and complete separation from solid impurities is important.'Both my filtering apparatus and the tube filter are also well adaptedfor filtering many other fluids including gases.

Prior to my invention milk has been filtered by forcing the milk througha cotton flannel bag hanging from a ring and surrounded by a perforatedmetal cylinder. Milk does not flow readily through such a filteringelement even at the start and the filtering capacity rapidly decreasesowing to the clogging of the filter by the dirt filtered :1) out. Inpractice to get the necessary output, it

has been necessary to filter the milk hot, change the filter clothsfrequently and filter under substantial pressure. Notwithstanding thesepre-' cautions'the filtration is not, in practice, perfect '53 and thebag is burst occasionally,- thus permitting rnilk to pass through thefilter chamber unfiltered. Moreover, the appara us is not easy to keepclean. Lhave devised an apparatus smaller than the existing apparatuswhich will filter milk while 33 still cold as perfectly as required bythe health authorities and much better than the apparatus now in use.One filter apparatus will filter effectively for four hours without achange of the filter elements and without stopping. 24,000 35 quarts ofmilk have been filtered in four hours through one filtering apparatuscontaining three of my new tube filters. The separation of the milk fromits impurities is made in accordance with my Patent No. 1,751,000, datedMarch 18, 1930. The filter element shown in that patent was particularlydesigned to filter oil under circumstances requiring only a smallcapacity, that is, the filtration of perhaps -a quart per minute. Formilk, however, enormous capacity is required but only a short life asthe complete apparatus should filter 24,000 quarts in four hours and thefiltering elements ought to be discarded after a few hours for sanitaryreasons.

I have, therefore, devised'an improvement in my patented filteringelement and also have devised a filtering apparatus especially adaptedfor Fig. 2 is a plan view with the pressure device for closing the topswung to one side.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on line 3-4 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a bottom view of the cover. 1 5

Fig. 5 is a vertical section on line 5-5 of Fig. 1.

'Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the partition [1.

Fig. '7 is a section on l-I of Fig. 8 showing the passage from the inletdown through the partition to thepail.

Fig. 8 is a section on line 8-8 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 9 is a horizontal section of the tube filter.

Fig. 10 is an elevation of the tube filter partly broken away to showthe core.

Fig. 11 is a vertical section and Fig. 12 a cross 5 section on the linel2l2 of Fig. 11 showing a modification of my apparatus.

As in the tube filter of my said Patent N0. 1,751,000, yarn is woundupon a perforate core. My new core, however, preferably consists of a.20 cylinder preferably about one inch in diameter made of wire screen,I. This screen may be made of wires, 2, about 1/40 inch in diameterspaced about inch apart and soldered at the intersections but the sizeand mesh may be varied 5 within wide limits and yet have the desirablecombination of rigidity, irregularity and perviousness. The meshdescribed is strong vandis not easily distorted. Upon this pervious coreI,

I wind in helical coils, as described in said patent, a loosely spunyarn 3, of considerable thickness, for instance, /8 inch, resembling aroving. The winding is accurately calculated so that ,a series oftunnels 4, diamond-shaped approximately in cross section, are formedextending from the exterior of the'coil to the centre. For instance,

7 using a cylinder of about six inches in length and winding two andtwo-ninths turns to each traverse from one side tothe other of the core,about 20 turns from left to right and the same number run- 40 ningacross from right to left, will form what may be called the inside layeragainst the perforate core. This layer will have about 360 holes, about4, inch in each diameter through which the milk will pass. should belaid uniformly upon the strands of the inside layers thus building thestrands into walls of the tunnels but the crossing points of the strandsare preferably moved slightly as the tube builds up as regards positionon the circumference of the tube. The movement of the threadguide of thewinder outward from the tube in a curved line will accomplish thisresult. The result will be that a series of tunnels 4, constant in (11-The strands of the subsequent layers ameter in line with the axis of thecore, but increasing as to their other diameterasthey approach theexterior of; the tube filter, will be formed and the axis of the tunnels4 will be curved between a radius and a tangent of the core, see Fig. 9.This curvature of the tunnels is advantageous. As each tube filter willhave an exact predetermined number of these tunnels, for instance, about360 in the example given, which at the exterior may be about A; by inchin transverse dimensions and the tunnels maybe an inch deep, thefiltering capacity will be great. No material filtering would beaccomplished by this construction exceptfor the fuzz upon the strandswhich, of course, is a fundamental element of filtering according to myPatent No.

tirely across each tunnel in-a series of layers, 5,

fastened in place by the subsequent turns. This may be accomplished inany suitable manner. It can be done by pressing a piece of wire brushmaterial axially against the element as it is wound and maintaining thecontact until the winding is completed. As the fibres of cotton arelonger than the openings in the tunnels the napping draws a layer of thefuzzy fibres entirely across each tunnel with remarkable regularity andas the winding continues, the yarn subsequently wound positively tiesthe fuzzy fibres of the layer previously napped across the tunnels inplace. Thus there are many layers of fuzzy fibres across each tunnelproducing a number of independent filter sheets or layers, 5, equal tothe number of layers of yarn wound on the core, ensuring the trapping ofthe impurities for which the filter is designed. The walls of thetunnels by their fuzzy fibres also retain and hold a part of theimpurities. The filtering for milk is as perfect as re= quired. Thisfiltering element is called a tube filter and is numbered 6 in thedrawings.

The size and shape of the tunnels, number of layers of yarn, thicknessof yarn, material and character of threads, and amount and stiffness offuzz may be varied within wide limits according to the capacity desired,the material to be filtered and the pressure used, but for any use, thepositive spacing and napping here suggested is highly desirable. Theamount of impurities which can be separated from the filtered fiuid andretained by the fuzz is great because the combined area of the filteringsurface of the tunnels is far greater than that of a mere filter cloth.

In the use of cloth milk filters, a layer of rejected material forms acylinder of dirt on the outside of the cloth which rapidly increases inthickness so that in a short time the pressure necessary to force themilk through the cylinder of dirt and the filter cloth will be near thelimit of strength of the filter cloth, even when the milk is heated soas to have maximum fluidity. In consequence, it is usual to arrange twosets of filtering apparatus in parallel and shift the flow of milk fromone set to the other at frequent intervals so that the filter cloth canbe renewed in'the idle filter while the milk is passing through theother filter.

Lil

tice my filter apparatus does not require any change of the tube filtersduring a four-hour run. The pressure starts at little or nothing and ifhot milk is used the pressure need not exceed seven or eight pounds perinch at the end of a four-hour run. If cold milk is used, at the end ofa four-hour run the pressure will not be too great for the tubes, Mytube filters properly made will not burst or pass impurities under anyreasonable pressure in the required run and the pressure developed in afour-hour run of cold milk of ordinary purity will not be excessive. Apop valve may be used to show excessive pressure.

v If a filter is used longer than the period for which it is adapted thepressure will increase and impurities will be forced through. This isanother reason why frequent change of the filter cloths now used isnecessary. My apparatus will not require a change of tubes either onaccount of increase in pressure or forcing through of impurities or anyother reason in a four hours run (a usual run for a days supply). tubesfiltering simultaneously in parallel will ordinarily be sufficient. Morecan be used without making the aggregate size of the filter apparatusapproach that of existing milk filters.

It is good practice to filter the milk as it comes from the cow whilestill warm, and package it immediately. My filter may be inserted in aline direct from the cow to the bottle and is admirably adapted for sucha system.

The present application relates to an improved apparatus in which toinstall my filter tubes. It consists essentially as in my Patent No.1,751,000, of a chamber having an inlet and outlet so arranged that thefiuid can pass from inlet to outlet only through the filtering materialof the filter tubes.

In the filtering of many food materials, however, particularly milk, itis necessary to use great care in design to prevent the passage ofunfiltered material to the outlet and avoid the use of parts not readilycleaned.

I have devised a structure in which the dangers of material passing tothe outlet unfiltered are u.

practically eliminated and the parts of which are very readily cleanedso that the milk will not be contaminated in its fiow by contact withfoul parts.

My apparatus consists of an inlet receptacle,

an outlet receptacle fitting into the inlet receptacle by a fluid-tighttaper joint without packing or gaskets and a cover fitting into the topof the outlet receptacle. The bottom of the outlet chamber hassupportsfor the tube filters and an opening through said supports in said outletchamber. The milk from the inlet passes to and through the filter tubesto a chamber in the outlet portion entirely within the outlet portion.The outlet portion is separable for cleaning purposes andmay be removedas a whole from the inlet portion of the apparatus so that the filtertubes can be changed. The outlet chamber is closed by a cover having ataper joint having no threads or gaskets -to wear and become foul andcontaminate the milk. The tube filter is slid on to the support whichholds it in place and yet does not obstruct materially the flow of milkthrough the tube filter.

My filter tubes may be installed as shown in my through the pail but asshown the two are symmetrically arranged and conform to the pipe PatentNo. 1,751,000, March 18, 1930, but I have invented an improved filteringapparatus which is hereinafter described. i

As here shown, illrepresents a pail-shaped member, hereinafter calledthe pail, mounted on a base plate H. A'drainage pipe l2. leads from thebottom of the pail I through which hot water may be passed in thepurification of the pail between runs. When the apparatus is in use acap 13 closes the drainage pipe l2. The upper part of the pail I0 istapered as at l4 to receive the partition i1, hereinafter referred to,and in this tapered portion 14, at opposite sides thereof, is an inletpassage I5 and an outlet passage 16. Partition IT has a tapered edge i8,tapered to fit into the tapered portion 14 of the pail i0 so as toprevent the passage of fluid from the pail l0 to the outlet portionexcept through the tube filters. A hole I9 is cut through the taperedportion 18 of the partition l1 and registers with the outlet passage l6when the partitionis in place'in the pail. The position of the inlet maybe in any portion of the pail and the outlet need not pass.

line, which has advantages in a milkfilter. The partition I1 is hollowand receives the fluid passing through the tube filters from which itpasses through the outlet passage 15. A cover 20, having a taperededge2|, and guides 22, fits accurately into a tapered opening 23 in the topof the partition l1. The cover preferably has a knob 24 by means ofwhich pressure can be applied to force the cover 20 tightly into thepartition l1 and also at the same time press the partition l1 tightlyinto'the pail ID by' reason of the fact that when the cover 20" has beenseated it will press the partition 11 and press its taper l8 into thetaper I4 of the pail so as to make a fluidtight joint. l

The bottom of the partition l1 has openings 25 in which are inserted anydesired number of supports'26 for the tube filters 6. These supports 26'must be made and installed with care if complete filtration is desiredso that no fluid can pass from the inletto the outlet except through thetube filters. Complete filtration is important for milk butnotnecessarily for other materials. As here shown these supports 26consist of castings "each having six radial vanes 21 joining in a solidportion 28 at the bottom of the support but cut through at the top toform openings 29 which permit the passage of the filtered fiuid to theoutlet IS. The vanes 21 are enlarged circumferentially at the top as at30 and are cut away to leave a fluid passage 29 to the outlet chamber 16for the filtered fluid. The tubular core I upon which the threads 3 ofthe tube filter 6 are wound fits around the support 26. The bottom ofthe support 26 has a threaded extension 3| upon which a base 32 isscrewed. Both the base 32 and the partition l1 are cut away at 33 and 34so that when the base 32 is screwed in place the threads of the tubefilter will be compressed against the bottom of the partition 11 aroundthe opening 25 and the base 32. The core 1 meanwhile, being not readilycompressible, will extend into the sunk-in portion 33 of the base and 34of the partition 11 above referred to. When the tube filter ls fastenedin place as described and the cover 20 is pressed against the partitionl1, thus pressing the partition l1 into the taper l4 or the pail 10 thefluid from the inlet portion of the pail 10 passes into thepail throughthe tube filters and to one side.

their cores along the vanes of the supports 26 into the outlet and outthrough the outlet passage. In order to permit the fluid to pass'fromthe inlet openinginto thepail i0 passages 35 are formed in :the exterior'of the partition l1, Fig.7. a

When the apparatus has been assembled by placing tube filterB upon thesupports 26, placing the partition l1 in place and the cover 20 in placeupon the partition l1 the apparatus is ready to receive the fluid to befiltered.

In order that the outlet passage of the partition l1 shall register withthe outlet passage 16 of the pail I0, some designating marks, as a slit36, should be formed in the top of the pail portion at 31 and in thepartition l1 at 38.

The closure partition 11 is supplied with a handle 39 having portions 40and 4| at different levels and thus the partition l1 may be removed fromthe apparatus by hand by a straight upward pull and reversed and placedon the part hereinafter referred to, whenever the tube filters arechanged.

In order to press the cover 20 and the closure partition l1 together soas to make a fluid-tight joint against the pressure of the fluid beingfiltered I have arranged a post 42 acting as a bear- 1 ing for the arm43 extending to the axis of the pail portion. The center of this arm 43at the axis of the pail is interiorly screw-threaded to receive anexteriorly threaded rod 44 terminating in an operating wheel 45. Holes46 in the wheel facilitate turning the wheel. When this exteriorlyscrew-threaded rod 44 is swung to its axial position and turned so as todepress it, the lower end 41 of the rod presses the knob 24 upon thecover 20 and drives it directly against the tapered portion of thepartition I1 and consequently drives the partition 11 to form a tightfit with the tapered portion I4 of the pail l0. At the top of the post42 is a bolt 48 screwed into the top of the post. A plate 49 is helddown by the enlarged top 50 of the bolt 46 and thus holds the arm 43from rising. To release the cover 20 and the partition 11 it is onlyneces sary to raise the wheel 45 and swing the arm 43 The cover portionmay then be removed by its knob and the partition l1 removed by hand,reversed and placed upon the wheel 45 which is of a size adapted toreceive it. The wheel 45 may be cut away at 5| to cooperate with thedepressed portion M of the handle 39 to leave room for the hand of theoperative in laying the partition l1 on the wheel 45. Thecontainer andoutlet should be marked to secure corside wall is cut an inlet opening51 to be connected with the inlet of the pipe line and through the otherside is an outlet opening 53 to be connected with the outlet of the pipeline. The inlet opening is open at the top as at 59 to transmit thefluid to be filtered to the pail section 53. The outlet section 54 is asolid block having an axial opening 60 at the top on which the support26 for the tube'fllter is attached as above the axial opening 60 withthe-outlet 58.

described and a horizontal opening 6| connects The part 51 has a taperjoint 62 to fit the corresponding joint of the pail portion 53. The pailportion 53 is here shown as a bell shaped piece having a taper joint 63to fit the taper joint 62 of the part 54. It is placed byhand on thepart 54 and pressed to fluid-tight contact by the pressure part 41 as inthe case of the three tube apparatus. The tube filter is the same and isheld in place on its support 26 on the part 54, as when a plurality oftubes are used,

The foregoing is only one embodiment of my invention. It may be variedwidely and should be varied according to the fluid to be filtered andthe amount thereof to be filtered and the space available for thefilter. All such variations from the particular embodiment of myinvention here shown are included in my invention it covered by myclaims.

I claim:

1. In a filtering apparatus, the combination of a container having inletand outlet openings for the fluid-to be filtered, said container beingprovided with a tapered seat, a cover correspondingly tapered to fitsaid seat, said cover being chambered to admit liquid from said inletinto the body of said container and to conduct the filtered liquid tosaid outlet, means accessible externally of said container forreleasably holding said cover in its closed position, and means carriedby said cover for removably supporting a tube filter in position tocompel the liquid flowing from said inlet to said outlet to pass throughthe wall of said filter, said cover having a removable cap for closingthe chamber therein for the illtered liquid.

2. In a filtering apparatus, the combination of a container having inletand outlet openings for the fluid to be filtered, said container beingprovided with a tapered seat, a cover correspondingly tapered to fitsaid seat, said cover being chambered to admit liquid from said inletinto the body of said container and to conduct the filtered liquid tosaid outlet, means accessible externally of said container forreleasably holding said cover in its closed position, and means carriedby said cover for removably supporting a tube filter in position tocompel the liquid flowing from said inlet to said outlet to pass throughthewall of said filter, said cover having a removable chamber-closingcap connected therewith by a tapered joint, and the means for holdingsaid cover in its closed position operating through said cap to hold thecap closed.

3. In a filtering apparatus, the combination of a container having inletand outlet openings for the fluid to be filtered, said container beingprovided with a tapered seat, a cover correspondingly tapered to fitsaid seat, said cover being chambered to admit liquid from said inletinto the body of said container and to conduct the filtered liquid tosaid outlet, means accessible externally of said container forreleasably holding said cover in its closed position, and means carriedby said cover for removably supporting a tube filter in position tocompel the liquid flowing from said inlet to said outlet to pass throughthe wall of said filter, said cover having a frame extending therefromprovided with opposed grip portions to be grasped by the hands and withadditional intermediate parts projecting beyond the grip portions forprotecting the hands when the cover is turned upside down and is restedupon a horizontal support.

4. A filtering apparatus comprising a pail portion and a cover portionhaving tapered seats, clamping means removably holding said pail andcover portions with their seats engaged, said pail portion having inletand outlet means for liquid, said cover portion having inlet and outletpassagescommunicating with said inlet and outlet means of said pailportion, one of said passages having a plurality of openings into theinterior of said pail portion, a supporting post carried by said coverportion on each opening, and a tubular filter element removably disposedon each post, the filter elements being arranged in peripherally spacedmanner so that the fluid in said pail portion has free access to thesurface of each filter element.

5. A filter apparatus comprising a pail portion and a cover portion,both having tapered seats, clamping means removably holding said pailand cover portions with their seats engaged, said pail and coverportions having inlet and outlet passages which traverse the line ofengagement of said seats and said seats having means which isolate saidpassages from fluid intercommunication between the seats, one of saidpassages having communication with the interior of said pail portion, aplurality of tubular filter elements located in said pail portion andcarried by said cover portion, and means establishing communicationbetween the interior of said tubular elements and said other passage.

6. A filter apparatus comprising a pail portion and a cover portion,both having tapered seats, clamping means removably holding said pailand cover portions with their seats engaged, the tapered seat of saidcover portion having a substantially annular groove therein and taperedfaces on opposite sides of the groove that seat on the tapered seat ofsaid pail portion, said pail portion having a fluid inlet passage thatcommunicates with said groove and said groove opening into the interiorof said pail portion, said cover portion having an outlet chambertherein, and tubular filter elements carried by said cover portion andlocated within said pail portion and having fluid communication withsaid chamber.

7. A filter apparatus comprising a pail portion and a coverportion bothhaving tapered seats, clamping means removably holding said pail andcover portions with their seats engaged, the tapered seat of said coverportion having a peripherally-extended annular groove in the middlethereof thathas confronting ends, said grooved tapered seat havingtapered faces on opposite sides of the groove that seat on the taperedseat of said pail portion, said pail portion having a fluid inletpassage that communicates with said groove and said groove opening intothe interior of said pail portion, said cover portion having an outletchamber and an outlet passage that extends through the tapered seatbetween the ends of said groove and registers with an outlet passage inthe tapered seat of said pail portion, and tubular filters carried bysaid cover portion within said pail portion and communicating with saidoutlet chamber.

8. A filter apparatus comprising a pail portion and a cover portionhaving an outlet chamber therein, a cover for said chamber, meansproviding inlet and outlet passages that are in communication with theinterior of said pail portion and said chamber, tube filters carried bysaid cover portion within said pail portion and communicating with saidchamber, clamping means directly engaged with said cover and actingthrough said cover to hold it on said cover portion and said coverportion on said pail portion, said clamping means comprising a fixedpost disposed beside said pail und cover portions, a

swinging arm on said post overlying said pail and cover portions andmovable about said post into MAURICE A. GOLDMAN.

